Mimetic Theory — A Primer

Mimetic theory, developed by French philosopher and literary critic René Girard, is a theory of human behavior and culture emphasizing the role of imitation and desire in the development of societies and individuals. According to Girard, humans aren’t primarily driven by their own needs and desires, but by the desires of others, which they then imitate and seek to fulfill through mimetic, or imitative, behavior. Imitation and desire leads to conflict and competition, as individuals attempt to attain the same objects or goals as others.

Girard’s theory has significant implications for understanding social dynamics, especially when it comes to religion, violence, and cultural difference. Girard’s key insight, of many, is that religion and culture serve as means of mediating and resolving conflicts that arise from mimetic desire.

“Imitation is not simply a passive or mechanical process. It is an active, creative force that shapes the identity of both the imitator and the model. It is the basis for all social interaction and the source of all cultural transmission.” according to Girard.

Mimetic theory has been expanded on by a number of scholars and researchers in a variety of fields, including philosophy, literature, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and theology. Some notable figures who have studied and written about mimetic theory include:

• Jean-Michel Oughourlian, a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has written extensively on the psychological and neurobiological dimensions of mimetic theory.
• Michael Kirwan, SJ, an Irish Jesuit priest and theologian who has explored the implications of mimetic theory for Christian theology and ethics.
• Margaret R. Miles, an American historian and theologian who has applied mimetic theory to the study of early Christian texts and practices.
• Mark R. Anspach, a French sociologist who has used mimetic theory to analyze economic and political systems.
• Scott Cowdell, an Australian theologian and priest who has examined the role of mimetic theory in contemporary culture and spirituality.
• James G. Williams, an American philosopher who has applied mimetic theory to the study of ethics and moral decision-making.

Their work has contributed significantly to the body of knowledge surrounding mimetic theory. More work is needed to help deepen our understanding of the role of imitation and desire, and it’s deleterious effects on human nature.